J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 33:1:71-78 (2005)
Copyright © 2005 by the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law.
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Memory:
Prescient Medicolegal Testimony at the International War Crimes Tribunal?
Landy F. Sparr, MD, MA and
J. Douglas Bremner, MD
Dr. Sparr is Associate Professor of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR. Dr. Bremner is Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.
Address correspondence to: Landy F. Sparr, MD, MA, Department of Psychiatry (OP02), Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97201. E-mail: sparrl{at}ohsu.edu
The nature of remembrance of traumatic events has been particularly controversial during the past decade as vigorous new research has reshaped thinking about trauma and memory. Memory alterations in traumatized individuals have been investigated within both theoretical and biological frameworks. There are different types of memory, and empirical studies have associated post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with a simultaneous weakening and a strengthening of memory. Memory deficiencies in PTSD have been found to be related to problems in new learning (explicit memory), but other specific deficiencies are unvalidated. Recently, accuracy of memory has received particular scrutiny because considerable importance is attached to victims' recollections. In 1998, at the International War Crimes Tribunal in The Hague, The Netherlands, a Bosnian-Croatian soldier was tried for aiding and abetting the rape of a Muslim woman. The defendant's lawyers suggested that the woman's memory was inaccurate, having been adversely affected by her traumatic experiences, and that the defendant whom she identified was not present during her interrogation and abuse. The prosecution disagreed and argued that memories of traumatic experiences in individuals with PTSD are characteristically hyperaccessible. Expert witnesses on both sides were brought in to provide medicolegal testimony about the scientific parameters of stress and its long-term effects on brain regions associated with memory. With the expert witness discussion as background, this article reviews the most recent research about the nature of memory in the aftermath of trauma and the politics of psychological trauma and the law.
Copyright © 2005 by the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law.
