J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 37:3:310-315 (2009)
Copyright © 2009 by the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law.
Commentary: Trauma and Female Inmates: Why Is Witnessing More Traumatic?
Maureen Hackett, MD
Dr. Hackett is Adjunct Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, and Adjunct Professor, William Mitchell College of Law, Minneapolis, MN.
Address for correspondence: Maureen Hackett, MD, 825 Nicollet Mall, Suite 1850, Minneapolis, MN 55402. E-mail: hackett{at}maureenhackettmd.com
The study of female inmates by Warren et al. is essential research concerning the characteristics of trauma and the symptoms of trauma associated with full PTSD. This commentary explores their surprising finding that a high number of female inmates who have experienced multiple and severe traumas report that witnessing is traumatic and that, in a high percentage, it is associated with full PTSD. The commentary proposes a connection between the ultimate finding of Warren et al. that the number of traumas predicts full PTSD and links witnessing to symptoms of intrusion and arousal via memory formation in individuals with a high incidence of lifetime trauma, because of their increased sensitivity.
Copyright © 2009 by the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law.